Underground vs Above Ground Septic Tanks

Introduction

When it comes to managing household waste in areas without central sewer systems, the choice of a septic tank is a crucial decision for any homeowner. Septic tanks are integral components of a private sewage system, playing a significant role in the safe and efficient disposal of wastewater.

Typically, these tanks come in two primary forms: underground and above ground. Each type offers distinct advantages and challenges, influenced by factors such as property layout, soil type, and personal preferences.

This blog post aims to delve into the differences between underground and above ground septic tanks, providing you with the essential information needed to make an informed decision tailored to your specific circumstances.

Understanding Septic Tanks

What Are Septic Tanks?

Septic tanks are underground structures designed to treat and dispose of household wastewater. They work by separating solid waste from liquid, allowing the latter to be safely dispersed into the ground while the solids decompose. This process is crucial in preventing environmental contamination and maintaining public health.

Components of a Septic System

Tank: The primary component where waste is collected and separated.
Drainfield: Also known as the leach field, where liquid effluent is dispersed into the soil.
Pipes: These connect your home to the tank and the tank to the drainfield.
Baffle: A device inside the tank that prevents solids from entering the drainfield.
Vent: Allows gases produced during the decomposition process to escape.

Understanding these components is key to grasping how septic systems work and what differentiates underground and above ground tanks.

Underground Septic Tanks

Underground septic tanks are the most common type of septic system. As the name suggests, these tanks are buried beneath the ground surface.

Made typically of concrete, fiberglass, or plastic, they are designed to be durable and watertight.

Installation Process

Site Preparation: This involves digging a hole to the required size and depth.
Tank Placement: The tank is then carefully lowered into the hole and connected to the home’s waste pipes.
Backfilling: The area around the tank is backfilled with soil, ensuring the tank is securely in place.

Key Benefits

Aesthetic Appeal: Being underground, these tanks are out of sight, preserving the natural look of your landscape.
Space Efficiency: They do not take up surface space, leaving more room for landscaping or other uses.
Protection from Elements: Underground placement shields the tank from extreme weather and temperature fluctuations.

Challenges and Considerations

Soil and Water Table: The feasibility of an underground tank depends on the soil type and water table level. Poorly draining soils or high water tables can complicate installation.
Accessibility: Maintenance and inspections might be more challenging due to the tank’s underground location.

Above Ground Septic Tanks

Explanation and Installation Scenarios

Above ground septic tanks, also known as mound systems, are installed above the natural soil surface.

They are often used in areas where the soil is not suitable for traditional underground systems.

Installation Process

Building the Mound: A mound of specific soil types is constructed.
Placing the Tank: The tank is set on or above ground level and then connected to the waste pipes.
Covering the Tank: The tank and plumbing are covered with additional layers of soil and vegetation.

Advantages

Ease of Maintenance: Being above ground, these tanks are more accessible for inspections and repairs.
Suitability for Poor Soil Conditions: Ideal for areas with shallow soil depth, high water tables, or poor soil percolation.
Quick Installation: Often easier and faster to install than underground tanks.

Limitations

Visual Impact: Can be more visually obtrusive, affecting the landscape’s aesthetics.
Vulnerability to Weather: More exposed to weather elements, which can affect their durability.

Comparative Analysis: Underground vs Above Ground

When choosing between underground and above ground septic tanks, several key factors come into play.

Here’s a comparative look:

Installation Complexity and Cost

Underground Tanks: Generally more complex and expensive to install due to the need for excavation and potential landscape restoration.
Above Ground Tanks: Typically easier and less costly to install, as they require less extensive excavation.

Maintenance Requirements

Underground Tanks: Maintenance can be more challenging due to less accessibility; however, they often require less frequent maintenance than above ground tanks.
Above Ground Tanks: Easier to access for maintenance and repairs, but may require more frequent attention due to their exposure to environmental elements.

Longevity and Durability

Underground Tanks: Often more durable as they are protected from the elements. Their lifespan can be significantly long if properly maintained.
Above Ground Tanks: More susceptible to damage from weather and external factors, which can affect their longevity.

Aesthetic and Space Considerations

Underground Tanks: Provide a more aesthetically pleasing option as they are out of sight, preserving the natural landscape.
Above Ground Tanks: Can be visually intrusive and take up surface space, which might be a significant consideration for some property owners.

Environmental and Geographic Suitability

Underground Tanks: Better suited for areas with suitable soil conditions and lower water tables.
Above Ground Tanks: Ideal for areas with high water tables, poor soil percolation, or shallow soil depth.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Your Septic Tank

Selecting the right septic tank involves considering various factors specific to your property and needs:

Property Size and Layout: Consider the space available for installation and how it will impact your property’s use and aesthetics.
Soil Type and Percolation Rate: Soil analysis is crucial to determine which system is more suitable, especially in terms of drainage and filtration.
Local Climate and Environmental Conditions: Factors like rainfall, temperature, and potential for flooding can influence the choice between above ground and underground systems.
Regulatory Requirements: Be aware of local health and building codes, as they may dictate the type of system you can install.
Budget and Long-Term Costs: Factor in not just the installation cost, but also long-term maintenance and potential repair costs.
Personal Preferences: Consider your preferences regarding landscape aesthetics, long-term property plans, and environmental impact.

Professional Advice and Installation

When it comes to installing a septic tank, professional advice and expertise are invaluable.

Seeking Expert Guidance:

Consult with septic system professionals who can assess your property and provide recommendations based on your specific needs and local regulations.
A professional can help you navigate the complexities of installation, including permits and compliance with environmental standards.

Quality Installation Services:

Ensure that the installation is carried out by licensed and experienced professionals. Proper installation is key to the long-term success and efficiency of your septic system.
Ask for references or check reviews to gauge the reliability and quality of the service provider.

Regular Maintenance and Upkeep:

Discuss maintenance plans and schedules with your installer. Regular maintenance is crucial for the longevity and proper functioning of your septic tank, whether it’s underground or above ground.
Understand the signs of potential problems and have a plan for addressing them promptly.

Conclusion

Choosing between an underground and above ground septic tank is a significant decision that impacts not only the efficiency of your home’s waste management system but also the environmental health of your property. Both systems have their unique advantages and challenges:

Underground tanks are aesthetically pleasing and space-efficient but require careful consideration of soil and water table conditions.
Above ground tanks offer easier maintenance and are suitable for challenging soil conditions, but they can be more visible and potentially less durable.

In making this decision, consider factors such as property size, soil type, local climate, regulatory requirements, budget, and personal preferences. Most importantly, engage with septic system professionals to ensure that your choice meets both your needs and regulatory standards, and that it is installed and maintained correctly for optimal performance.

This blog post has aimed to provide a comprehensive overview to help you make an informed choice in selecting the right septic system for your home.